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{"id":100,"date":"2009-03-20T00:05:03","date_gmt":"2009-03-19T23:05:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/o9atitudine.ro\/?p=100"},"modified":"2009-07-21T10:16:25","modified_gmt":"2009-07-21T09:16:25","slug":"masuri-de-prevenire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/o9atitudine.ro\/info\/masuri-de-prevenire\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u0103suri de prevenire"},"content":{"rendered":"Conven\u0163ia-cadru a Na\u0163iunilor Unite privind Schimb\u0103rile Climatice (UNFCCC) \u015fi Protocolul de la Kyoto aferent asigur\u0103 cadrul institu\u0163ional interna\u0163ional privind abordarea schimb\u0103rilor climatice, definirea obiectivului eforturilor, precum \u015fi principiile cheie de atingere a acestuia.<\/p>\n
Unul intre principiile cheie ale UNFCCC este cel al \u201eresponsabilit\u0103\u0163ilor comune dar diferen\u0163iate\u201d, care impune \u0163\u0103rilor dezvoltate s\u0103 conduc\u0103 lupta \u00eempotriva schimb\u0103rilor climatice \u015fi ale efectelor acestora. Prin diferen\u0163ierea \u00eentre \u0163\u0103rile dezvoltate \u015fi cele \u00een curs de dezvoltare, UNFCCC recunoa\u015fte faptul c\u0103 \u0163\u0103rile dezvoltate, industrializate, sunt responsabile de majoritatea acumul\u0103rii de gaze cu efect de ser\u0103 din atmosfer\u0103 \u015fi dispun de resursele financiare \u015fi tehnologice necesare reducerii emisiilor lor.<\/p>\n
UNFCCC \u00ee\u015fi oblig\u0103 semnatarii s\u0103 stabileasc\u0103 programe na\u0163ionale de reducere a emisiilor de gaze cu efect de ser\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 depun\u0103 rapoarte periodice. De asemenea, ea a cerut \u0163\u0103rilor industrializate semnatare, mai pu\u0163in \u0163\u0103rilor \u00een curs de dezvoltare, ca p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2000, s\u0103 stabilizeze emisiile de gaze cu efect de ser\u0103 la nivelurile \u00eenregistrate \u00een 1990, obiectiv pe care l-au atins \u00een mod colectiv. Semnatarii UNFCCC se reunesc anual pentru a revizui progresul \u015fi pentru a discuta m\u0103suri ulterioare, iar un num\u0103r de mecanisme de monitorizare \u015fi de raportare la nivel interna\u0163ional au fost \u00eenfiin\u0163ate pentru a ob\u0163ine informa\u0163ii despre emisiile de gaze cu efect de ser\u0103.<\/p>\n
Protocolul de la Kyoto<\/strong><\/p>\nGuvernele sunt con\u015ftiente de faptul c\u0103 eforturile UNFCCC nu vor fi suficiente pentru a aborda cu seriozitate schimb\u0103rile climatice. La 11 decembrie 1997, ele au mai f\u0103cut un pas \u00eenainte \u015fi au adoptat un protocol al UNFCCC, \u00een ora\u015ful japonez Kyoto: Protocolul de la Kyoto. Av\u00e2nd la baz\u0103 cadrul UNFCCC, protocolul stabile\u015fte limite obligatorii privind emisiile de gaze cu efect de ser\u0103 pentru 38 de \u0163\u0103ri industrializate, la origine, inclusiv toate statele membre ale Uniunii Europene, mai pu\u0163in Cipru \u015fi Malta, precum \u015fi pentru UE ca o entitate (denumit\u0103 UE-15, deoarece atunci Uniunea num\u0103ra doar 15 state membre). De asemenea, protocolul a introdus mecanisme inovatoare de implementare bazate pe teoria schimbului, a\u015fa-numitele mecanisme flexibile prev\u0103zute de Protocolul de la Kyoto, care vizeaz\u0103 limitarea costurile legate de reducerea emisiilor.<\/p>\n
\u00cen cadrul Protocolului de la Kyoto, \u0163\u0103rilor industrializate li se cere s\u0103-\u015fi reduc\u0103 emisiile a \u015fase gaze cu efect de ser\u0103 (CO2, metan, protoxid de azot, hidrofluorocarburi, perfluorocarburi \u015fi exafluorur\u0103 de sulf) cu aproximativ 5% sub nivelul \u00eenregistrat \u00een 1990, pe parcursul primei \u201eperioade de angajament\u201d a Protocolului de la Kyoto, cuprins\u0103 \u00eentre 2008-2012. S-a optat pentru o perioad\u0103 de angajament de cinci ani, \u00een detrimentul unui an \u0163int\u0103 unic, pentru a compensa fluctua\u0163iile anuale ale emisiilor datorate unor factori care nu pot fi controla\u0163i, precum condi\u0163iile meteo. Protocolul nu prevede obiective de emisii pentru \u0163\u0103rile \u00een curs de dezvoltare.<\/p>\n
Protocolul de la Kyoto a intrat \u00een vigoare la 16 februarie 2005. P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een iunie 2007, 172 de state \u015fi Comunitatea European\u0103 au ratificat acest protocol. Dou\u0103 dintre \u0163\u0103rile care ini\u0163ial au semnat tratatul nu l-au ratificat: SUA a respins protocolul, \u00een timp ce Australia a luat decizia de a nu-l ratifica. Cu alte cuvinte, 36 de \u0163\u0103ri dezvoltate, la care se adaug\u0103 UE-15 \u015fi-au luat angajamentul de a-\u015fi atinge obiectivele Kyoto.<\/p>\n
Informa\u0163ii suplimentare despre obiectivele Kyoto \u00een UE<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"T\u0103rile dezvoltate, industrializate, sunt responsabile de majoritatea acumul\u0103rii de gaze cu efect de ser\u0103 din atmosfer\u0103 \u015fi dispun de resursele financiare \u015fi tehnologice necesare reducerii emisiilor lor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,17,7,11],"tags":[74,72,73,53,37,140],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/o9atitudine.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/o9atitudine.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/o9atitudine.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/o9atitudine.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/o9atitudine.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=100"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/o9atitudine.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1274,"href":"https:\/\/o9atitudine.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100\/revisions\/1274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/o9atitudine.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/o9atitudine.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/o9atitudine.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}